Type I Diabetes-Associated Tolerogenic Properties of Interleukin-2

Figure 1

IL-2 receptor signaling. The binding of IL-2 to IL-2R leads to the initiation of signal transduction. Janus-activated kinase 3 (JAK3) molecules that are associated with the γc, and JAK1 molecules that are associated with IL-2Rβ, phosphorylate (the red circle) tyrosine residues in the cytoplasmic tail of IL-2Rβ, the γc and the JAK molecules themselves. The JAKs activation induced a cascade of activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT5a/b) factors, leading to their dimerization translocation to the nucleus, as well as phosphatidylinositol 3-kinse (PI3K) and ras-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. These signaling molecules activation results in, modulation of target genes expression involved in cell cycles progression, antiapoptosis, and in the suppression of cytokine signaling.