Toll-Like Receptor 4 Activation in Cancer Progression and Therapy

Figure 2

TLR4 signaling in cancer—a struggle of antitumor immunity against cancer proliferation and immune evasion. TLR4 signaling on immune cells can enhance anti-tumor immunity by different mechanisms, including IL-12 or IFNγ upregulation and promotion of DC maturation and function (left side of the figure, depicted in green). On the other hand, TLR4 signaling on tumor cells can increase their tumorigenic potential (right side of the figure, depicted in red).