Toll-Like Receptor 4 Activation in Cancer Progression and Therapy

Table 4

Proposed endogenous TLR4 ligand		Reference
Advanced glycation end product low-density lipoprotein	AGE-LDL	[65]
Angiotensin II		[66, 67]
Beta defensin		[68, 69]
Biglycan		[70, 71]
Calprotectin		[72]
Ceramide		[73]
Fibrinogen		[74, 75]
Fibronectin extra domain A	F-EDA	[76, 77]
High-mobility group box 1	HMGB1	[78–81]
Heat shock protein	HSP	[82–85]
Heparan sulfate		[86]
Hyaluronan		[87–92]
Minimally modified (oxidized) low-density lipoprotein	mmLDL	[93–95]
Myeloid-related protein-8/14	MRP-8/14	[96]
Oxidized Palmitoyl-arachidonoyl-phosphatidylcholine	OxPAPC	[97, 98]
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma upregulated factor	PAUF	[99]
Serum amyloid A		[100]
Saturated fatty acid	SFA	[101]
Surfactant protein A		[102]
Tenascin-C		[103]