Challenges in Immunotherapy Presented by the Glioblastoma Multiforme Microenvironment

Table 2

Selected clinical trials using lymphokine activated killer (LAK) cells.

Reference	Patients	Immunologic response	Clinical response
[64]	𝑛=9; (GBM: 7, AA: 2)	—	PR: 1
[91]	𝑛=9; HGG	Cultured LAK cells lysed cultured glioma cells (𝑛=6)	Slight clinical (but not radiologic) improvement.
[92]	𝑛=20; recurrent HGG	—	Median survival: 63 weeks
[93]	𝑛=19; (GBM: 5, AA:4, Other 10)	—	CR: 1, PR: 2, median survival (GBM): 15 weeks
[94]	𝑛=40; recurrent GBM	—	Median survival: 17.5 months (significantly longer than contemporary patients)
Others: [94, 143–147]