Journal of Immunology Research

Review Article

Exogenous Control of the Expression of Group I CD1 Molecules Competent for Presentation of Microbial Nonpeptide Antigens to Human T Lymphocytes

Table 3

Effect of autacoids or cytokines on CD1 molecule expression.
MoleculeCD1a EDb Ref.cObservations
Autacoids
Prostaglandin PGE2DED-4[170]
DED-1[171]Purified CD14+ cells from PB of healthy donors mobilized with G-CSF for allogeneic transplantation.
DED-2
LDED-3
DED-4
DED-1[172]
DED-1[173]
DED-1[174]
Cyclopentenone Prostaglandins (CP) (15d-PGJ2, 12-PGJ2, PGA2, PGD2, and PGE2)DED-1[175]MOs + G4 for 7 days. CP were added during the last 24 h of culture without adding maturation factors. In these experimental conditions, CP induced apoptosis.
Serotonin (5-hydroxy-tryptamine, 5-HT)D
D		ED-1
ED-4		[176]MOs. 5-HT effects mediated via 5-HTR1/7.
iDCs and mDCs exposed to 5-HT for 24 h did not show alteration of CD1a expression.
Cytokines
IFNα2aDOED[177]MOs cultured for 7 days with (GM-CSF+IL-4+TNF-α)  +/− IFNα2a.
IFNα2bDOED[178]MOs cultured with GM-CSF +/− IFNα2b for 5 days.
IFNα + IL-2 or IL-12 aloneNCIvDC
OED		[179]MOs obtained from PB of pts with renal cell cancer before, during, and after therapy with the indicated cytokines, or from healthy subjects were cultured with G4 for 8 days. The yield of DCs from cancer pts was lower than that from healthy subjects. However, the phenotype of DCs generated from MO of pts was comparable to that of DCs generated from MO of healthy subjects.
IFNβ1aDED-2[148]MOs from PB of untreated pts with MS.
DED-1[180]MOs from PB of untreated or IFNβ1a-treated pts with MS.
DED-4[181]MOs from PB of untreated pts with MS. Analysis was performed on CD1a/b/c molecules.
DED-1[182]
DIvDC[183]Evaluation of % of CD1a+HLA-DR+ MNC in PB of MS pts, either untreated or treated with IFNβ1a, and in healthy subjects.
DED-4[184]Purified CD14+ cells from PB of healthy subjects.
IFNβ1bDED-1[185]MOs from PB of untreated or IFNβ1a-treated pts with MS and from healthy subjects.
IFNγDED-1[186, 187]MOs + G4 for 12 days.
Il-1βNCED-1[188]
IL-3UOED[189]CD14+ osteoclast precursors from PB of healthy donors cultured with (M-CSF+ RANKL) +/− IL-3 for 7 days.
IL-6
sIL-6Rα/IL-6 fusion protein (FP6)		D
D		OED[190]GPA−CD15−CD14−CD1a−IL-6R+ myeloid progenitors (generated after incubation of cord blood-derived CD34+CD38− cells with SCF+FLT3-L+TPO+IL-3 for 6-7 days) were cultured with (SCF+FLT3-L+TPO+IL-3) +/− IL-6 or FP6 for 11–14 days.
IL-6
sIL-6R/IL-6 fusion protein (FP6)		D
D		OED[191, 192]CD36−CD15−CD14−CD1a−IL-6R+ myeloid progenitors (generated after incubation of cord blood-derived CD34+CD38− cells with SCF+FLT3-L+TPO+IL-3 for 7 days) were cultured with (SCF+FLT3-L+TPO+IL-3) +/− IL-6 or FP6 for 7 days.
IL-6DOED[193]Purified CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells from PB of G-CSF-treated Pts with MM were cultured with (FLT3-L+TNFα+GM-CSF+SCF+IL-4) +/− IL-6 (added on day 0 or day 7 of culture) for 14 days. CD1a evaluation on day 14.
DED-1[194]MOs. Mechanism, Il-6-induced expression of G-CSF receptor.
IL-10DIvED[195]Psoriatic skin after systemic IL-10 administration.
DOED[196]MOs cultured with (GM-CSF+IL-13) +/− IL-10 for 7 days.
DOED[197]MOs cultured with (GM-CSF+IL-13) +/− IL-10 for 7 days.
IL-13UOED[198]MOs cultured with G4 or with GM-CSF+IL-13 for 7 days. Higher CD1a upregulation with GM-CSF+IL-13.
MOs cultured with G4 for 7 d and then with IL-13 or TNFα or IL-4 for 48 h. IL-13 as affective as TNFα in inducing maturation of imDC.
Platelet factor 4DED-1[199]
TGF-β1UOED[200]Purified CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells from cord blood cultured with (FLT3-L+TNFα+GM-CSF+SCF) +/− TGF- β1 for 10–14 days. Cells generated in the presence of TGF-β1 resemble immature LC with high CD1a antigen expression. Mechanism: maturation of LC leading to CD1a down-regulation is prevented by elevated E-cadherin expression induced by TGF-β1.
aEvaluation of CD1a expression if not otherwise specified: D: down-regulation; U: upregulation; LD: limited down-regulation; NC: no changes.
bExperimental design code (see Figure 2).
cReference number.