Gender-Specific Cytokine Pathways, Targets, and Biomarkers for the Switch from Health to Adenoma and Colorectal Cancer
Table 1
Cytokine levels were determined in (1) whole blood (wb) and PBMC supernatant (s) in physiological conditions (basic conditions) and after stimulation with PHA (to study T cell network contribution) and LPS (to evaluate the influence of antigen presenting cells) (2) in blood serum. The levels are expressed as mean ± SD and statistical differences between men and women were assessed using the Mann-Whitney U-test or Student’s t-test as appropriate. Production levels of cytokines did not differ significantly with the exception of IL10 (using the wb method) which was higher in men than in women when PHA stimulus was used .
