Review Article
Hematological Malignancies Escape from NK Cell Innate Immune Surveillance: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications
Table 1
Mechanisms of escape, receptor, and ligand involved and type of hematological malignancy.
| Mechanisms of escape | Receptor in NK cells | Ligand in tumor cells | Hematological malignancy type | References |
| NK-cell quantitative deficiency | | | MDS | [5, 11] |
| Increased expression of inhibitory receptors | | Upregulation of HLA class I | AML | [12–14] | | CLL LAL | [14, 15] [14] | | MM | [16] | | Lymphoma | [17] |
| Decreased activation by decreased expression of activating receptor or their ligands | NKp30 | | AML | [8, 18–20] | NKp46NKG2D | | CLL | [21] | | NCR-ligand | AML | | | | LGL | [8] | |
sMICA and sMICB | CLL | [22] | | CML | [23] | | | MM | | | | ALL | [24] | DNAM1 | NKG2D on tumor cells | CMML | [25] | | | | [26] | CD94/NKG2C | | AML | | | | | [27] | 2B4/CD244 | | AML | | | | | [27] | CD16 | | AML | | | | MM | [27] | | | MM | [28, 29] | | | | [28, 29] |
| Impaired NK cell differentiation signaling | | | CML | [30] | | | PV | Personal data |
| Impaired cytokine production | Elevated TNF | | MDS | [31] | Elevated PDGF | | MPS | [32] | Elevated TGFb | | | [33] | Decreased IL1 | | AML | [34] | IL2 and IFN | | ALL | [34] |
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Abbreviations: MDS: myelodysplastic syndrome; MPS: myeloproliferative syndrome; ALL: acute lymphoid leukemia; AML: acute myeloid leukemia; CML: chronic myeloid leukemia; MM: multiple myeloma; CMML: myelomonocytic leukemia; LGL: large granular lymphoma; PV: polycythemia vera; sMICA: stress-induced molecule HLA class-I chain-related A; IL: interleukin; IFN: interferon-gamma.
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