Vitamin D in Early Childhood and the Effect on Immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Table 2

Vitamin D single dose (dosage concentration not reported).

Subjects (𝑛)	Country	Vitamin D supplement	Findings	Reference
Adult studies
TB patients with pulmonary TB aged 15–59 (67)	Jakarta, Indonesia	0.25 mg per day for 6 weeks	100% of vitamin D group had sputum conversion at 12 weeks after supplementation versus 76.7% of the placebo group	[47]
TB contacts (192)	London, UK	2.5 mg single dose vitamin D2	Those given the vitamin D had enhanced immunity to TB using the lux in vitro assays but did not affect IFNg production after ESAT-6/CFP-10 stimulation	[48]
TB patients with pulmonary TB (367, 136 completed trial in vitamin-D-supplemented group, 145 completed in placebo group)	Bissau, Guinea Bissau	100,000 IU of vitamin D given at time of anti-TB treatment, then at 5 and 8 months later	No differences in clinical severity between groups and no differences in mortality 12 months later	[49]
TB (146)	London, UK	2.5 mg vitamin D2 given at time of Tb treatment plus 14, 28 and 42 days later	Those on Vitamin D supplementation displayed sputum clearance at 36 days after treatment versus 43.5 dayes but this was not statistically significant but it did significantly hasten sputum culture conversion in participants with the tt genotype of the TaqI vitamin D receptor polymorphism	[50]
Paediatric studies
Children aged between 1.5 and 13 years of age with TB (24), 13 extra thoracic, 7 intrathoracic, and 4 mixed	Egypt	Vitamin D single dose unable to obtain information regarding (dosage concentration not reported)	8 weeks after supplementation greater clinical improvement was observed in vitamin-D-supplemented group	[51]

NB: 25 mg = 1,000 IU.