Review Article

Clinical Studies Applying Cytokine-Induced Killer Cells for the Treatment of Renal Cell Carcinoma

Table 1

Summary of in vitro assays conducted with CIK cells of study participants.

StudyPhenotypic analysis of CIK cellsCytotoxicity assays

Schmidt-Wolf et al. [37]Cytotoxic activity of PBMC against HLA-matched carcinoma cell lines and K562 cells increased during treatment
Ren et al. [31]Significant increase in CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD25+, and CD3+CD56+ cells after 14–16 days of cultureCytotoxicity of PBMC against K562 cells after multicycles of CIK cell infusions significantly increased
Olioso et al. [38]After 21 days of culture, CD3+ cells expanded 34-fold and CD3+CD56+ 270-fold; increases in CD3+, CD8+, and CD3+CD56+ cells in circulating lymphocytes seven days after CIK cell infusionCytotoxicity of CIK cells from RCC patients tested against 293 cells: at an E/T of 20 : 1, the median percentage lysis was 45%; at an E/T of 40 : 1, 54% were lysed
Su et al. [40]After 14 days of culture, increases in CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD+CD56+ and NKG2D+ cells were detected while the number of CD4+CD25+CD127 low+ (Treg) cells decreased; the same changes were detected in PBMC after CIK therapyCytotoxicity of CIK cells tested against K562 cells (E/T ratio of 60 : 1): the median toxicity was
77, 2%; cytotoxicity of CIK cells tested against RCC cells (E/T ratio of 60 : 1): CIK cells lysed 50,4% of 293 cells and 32,1% of SK-RC-42 cells
Liu et al. [13]Cytotoxicity of CIK cells tested against RCC cells (E/T ratio of 50 : 1): CIK cells lysed 35,41% of 786-O cells and 32,17% of SK-RC-42 cells
Wang et al. [43]After treatment for two months, levels of CD3+, CD4+, CD4+CD8+, and CD56+ increased significantly

PBMC: peripheral blood mononuclear cells; K562 cells: NK-sensitive leukemia cells; 293 cells: embryonic kidney epithelial cells; E/T ratio: effector-to-target ratio; SK-RC-42 cells: renal cell carcinoma cells; 786-O cells: renal cell carcinoma cells.