Mesangial Cell-Specific Antibodies Are Central to the Pathogenesis of Lupus Nephritis

Table 3

Nephritogenic and cross-reactive anti-dsDNA Ab properties [26–29].

	Non-nephritogenic anti-dsDNA Ab	Nephritogenic anti-dsDNA Ab	Cross-reactive anti-dsDNA Ab
Class	IgG, M and A	IgG mainly	IgG mainly
Somatic mutations	No	Yes	Yes
Affinity	Low	High	High
Cross-reactivity	No	Yes	Yes
Living cell internalization	No	Yes	suspected
Glomerular direct binding	No	Yes	Yes
Proteinuria	No	Yes	mainly