Gender Differences in the Pathogenesis and Outcome of Lupus and of Lupus Nephritis

Table 2

Comparison of gender differences in four separate cohorts of SLE patients.

Cohort		Male	Female	𝑃 value
LUMINA [4]	Patient no. (total)	63	555
	Renal involvement	63.5%	52.1%	𝑃=0.085
GLADEL [12]	Patient no. (total)	123	1091
	Renal involvement	58.5%	44.6%	𝑃=0.004
Molina [8]	Patient no. (total)	107	1209
	Renal involvement	58%	44%	𝑃=0.004
Stefanidou [13]	Patient no. (total)	59	535
	Renal involvement	27.1%	16.1%	𝑃=0.002