Recent Understanding on Diagnosis and Management of Central Nervous System Vasculitis in Children

Table 3

Differential diagnosis of CNS vasculitides in children.

Infectous disease	Viral/bacterial encephalitis
	Viral/bacterial menigitidis
	Viral/bacterial sepsi
Metabolic disease	Mitochondrial disease
	Amino acid disorders
	Organic acidemias
	Urea cycle disorders
	Fatty acid oxidation disorders
	Fabry disease
	Homocystinuria
	Leukodystrophies
Demyelinating diseases	Multiple sclerosis
	Acute-disseminated encephalomyelitis
Thromboembolic diseases	Antiphospholipid syndrome
	Hypercoagulability states
	Cholesterol embolisms
	Cardiac myxoma
	Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis
Malignancies	Multifocal glioma
	CNS lymphoma
	Angiocentric lymphoma
	Intravascular lymphoma (malignant angioendotheliomatosis)
Autoimmune disease	Celiac disease
	Hashimoto’s encephalitis
	Sarcoidosis
	Systemic lupus erythematosus
	Neuronal antibody associated (NMDA-receptor associated encephalitis)
Vascular	Arterial dissection
	Fibromuscular dysplasia
	Moyamoya disease
	Vasospastic disorders
Nutritional	Vitamin B12 deficiency