The Role of Airway Epithelial Cells in Response to Mycobacteria Infection

Table 1

Evidenced TLR-related AEC in response to Mtb infection.

TLRs	Typical Ligands	Cellular location	References
TLR1	Microbial lipoproteins	Cell membrane	[93, 94]
TLR2	Microbial lipoproteins; PGN; LTA; zymosan;	Cell membrane	[21, 22, 24, 25, 27, 94, 95]
TLR3	dsRNA	Intracellular components	[95–97]
TLR4	LPS; RSV S protein; retroviral envelope protein	Cell membrane	[34]
TLR5	Flagellin	Cell membrane	[27, 33, 35, 98, 99]
TLR6	LTA; zymosan; diacyl lipopeptides	Cell membrane	[27, 93, 100]
TLR7	ssRNA imidazoquinoline	Intracellular components	[95, 101]
TLR8	ssRNA imidazoquinoline	Intracellular components	[101–103]
TLR9	Demethylated CpG DNA	Intracellular components	[60, 98, 101, 104]

LPS: lipopolysaccharide; ssRNA: single-stranded RNA; dsRNA: double-stranded RNA; LTA: lipoteichoic acid; PGN: peptidoglycan; RSV: respiratory syncytial virus.