Immunogenetic Factors Associated with Severe Respiratory Illness Caused by Zoonotic H1N1 and H5N1 Influenza Viruses

Table 2

Genetic polymorphisms of interest in H5N1 susceptibility and severity.

Gene	Polymorphism	Functional significance	References
MBL2	230G/A	Low serum MBL levels; increased susceptibility to SARS	[36, 37]
MxA	−88G/T (rs2071430); −123C/A (rs17000900)	Increased basal (−123 A) and IFN-stimulated (−88 T) MxA expression and activity in vitro; altered susceptibility to SARS	[38, 39]
OAS1	rs2660 (3′ UTR A/G); rs3741981 (Exon 3 A/G); rs1077467 (Intron 5)	Altered susceptibility to SARS (3′ UTR, Exon 3); West Nile susceptibility and reduced activity due to splicing (Intron 5)	[38, 40, 41]
CCR5	CCR5∆32	Increased mortality among CCR5 knockout mice, increased allele frequency among severe H1N1 infections	[25, 42]
CCR2	190G/A (V64I)	Altered HIV progression; stabilization of CCR2a splice variant and binding to CCR5	[43, 44]
TLR3	908T/C	Missense mutation identified in a patient with influenza-associated encephalopathy	[45]