Review Article

Novel Anti-Melanoma Immunotherapies: Disarming Tumor Escape Mechanisms

Figure 1

Sites of action for selected immune modulators. Anti-CTLA-4 targets the interactions between T cells and APCs in the periphery and thus is prone to evoke general stimulation accompanied by frequent adverse effects. Anti-PD-1 may block peripheral interactions, as anti-CTLA-4, but also the interactions between tumors and infiltrating immune killer cells, and thus may evoke both general and localized stimulation. CEACAM1 is expressed both on immune killer cells and on the tumor target, and anti-CEACAM1 is expected to act specifically at the interface between these two and to evoke low autoimmunity.
818214.fig.001