Extrahepatic Manifestations and Autoantibodies in Patients with Hepatitis C Virus Infection

Table 1

Autoantibodies detected in sera of patients with HCV-related MC.

Autoantibodies	Frequency (%)	Clinical significance	References
ANA	12–65%	Low titer	[8, 30, 37, 49–52]
		Speckled pattern on HEp-2 cells
SMA	33–37%	Low titer	[8, 53]
RF	14–99%	Low titer	[30, 37, 49, 52, 54, 55]
ANCA (pANCA, cANCA)	4–26%	No association with vasculitis	[57, 58]
Anti-CRP	75%	Predictive marker of cryoglobulinemia	[59, 60]
Anti-C1q	39%	Predictive marker of type III cryoglobulinemia	[61]
AECA	50%	Predictive marker of vasculitis	[62]
Anti-GM1 ganglioside antisulfatide	52%	Predictive marker of peripheral neuropathy	[63]