Impact of Previous ART and of ART Initiation on Outcome of HIV-Associated Tuberculosis

Table 3

Univariable and multivariable mortality rate ratio (MRR)* for 246 HIV-infected patients with tuberculosis.

Variable	Univariable analysis		Multivariable analysis
	MRR (95% CI)	𝑃 value	MRR (95% CI)	𝑃 value
Sex
Male	1.00		1.00
Female	0.52 (0.18–1.47)	0.217	0.46 (0.15–1.38)	0.163
Place of origin
Born in Italy	1.00		1.00
Foreign born	0.50 (0.22–1.15)	0.102	1.36 (0.42–4.41)	0.608
Age at TB diagnosis
<40	1.00		1.00
≥40	1.96 (1.02–3.77)	0.043	2.73 (1.26–5.93)	0.011
Education (years)
0–8	1.00		1.00
9–18	1.14 (0.52–2.50)	0.736	0.92 (0.39–2.21)	0.855
Unknown	0.81 (0.33–2.02)	0.659	1.00 (0.36–2.76)	0.999
History of imprisonment
Yes	1.00		1.00
No/unknown	0.80 (0.28–2.26)	0.675	2.05 (0.64–6.60)	0.282
Mode of HIV infection
IDU	1.00		1.00
Other	0.37 (0.18–0.75)	0.006	0.39 (0.15–0.99)	0.047
Housing
Private	1.00		1.00
Community/homeless	0.71 (0.22–2.32)	0.573	0.29 (0.07–1.17)	0.082
CD4 lymphocyte count (per 50 cells increase)	0.85 (0.75–0.96)	0.010	0.83 (0.72–0.95)	0.006
AIDS
Yes	1.00		1.00
No	0.40 (0.19–0.85)	0.017	0.47 (0.20–1.13)	0.091
Site of diseases
Pulmonary	1.00		1.00
Extra pulmonary	0.94 (0.43–2.07)	0.888	1.36 (0.59–3.11)	0.471
History of TB treatment
New cases	1.00		1.00
Previously treated cases	1.53 (0.70–3.35)	0.292	0.78 (0.32–1.94)	0.597
Drug susceptibility test
Susceptible TB	1.00		1.00
DR TB	0.48 (0.11–2.12)	0.336	0.34 (0.07–1.68)	0.184
MDR TB	3.91 (0.90–17.12)	0.070	35.50 (5.50–229.19)	<0.001
Not available	0.85 (0.43–1.71)	0.658	1.34 (0.60–3.00)	0.471
Awareness of HIV seropositivity and HIV treatment history
Not aware	1.00		1.00
Aware and ART-naive	2.64 (0.92–7.60)	0.072	1.73 (0.52–5.72)	0.370
Not ART-naive	3.41 (1.28–9.08)	0.014	4.27 (1.27–14.29)	0.019
cART (time dependent)
No	1.00		1.00
Yes	0.26 (0.13–0.52)	<0.001	0.14 (0.06–0.30)	<0.001
Concomitant diseases at TB diagnosis
Yes	1.00		1.00
No	0.43 (0.22–0.83)	0.012	0.63 (0.29–1.35)	0.231

*Estimated by a Poisson regression model.