Immunological Reaction in TNF-α-Mediated Osteoclast Formation and Bone Resorption In Vitro and In Vivo
Figure 1
Contribution of macrophage and stromal cell in TNF-α-mediated osteoclastogenesis. TNF-α stimulated expression of RANKL and M-CSF in stromal cell, and the stromal cell induced osteoclastogenesis. Also, TNF-α directly induced osteoclastogenesis to osteoclast precursor in the presence of constitutive level of RANKL and TNF-α-induced M-CSF stimulate expression of RANK in osteoclast precursor.
