Posttransplant Lymphoproliferative Disease after Lung Transplantation

Table 1

Summary of outcomes of lung transplant patients with PTLD from US and European lung transplant centers.

Study/year/; reference	#PTLD total	PTLD incidence	Time to Dx PTLD after transplant	Sites of presentation	Pathology	Treatment	Survival
Armitage et al. 1991, [5]	5/87	7.9%	4 months	Lung, mediastinum, GI tract	NA	RI, surgical resection, CH	36% mortality <1 year,; 70% mortality >1 year
Aris et al. 1996, [6]	6/94	6.4%	4.5 months	Mediastinal mass, tonsil enlargement, lung nodules, bowel obstruction, skin nodules	Polymorphic B cell hyperplasia and lymphoma, monoclonal	RI, surgical excision of mediastinal mass, CH	Average survival ~11 months
Wigle et al. 2001, [10]	12/242	5.0%	17.6 months	Lung, mediastinum, abdomen	NA	RI, CH	1 year survival rate of 58%
Paranjothi et al. 2001, [8]	30/494	6.1%	402 days	Lung, mediastinal lymph nodes, liver, testicle, GI tract, bone marrow, skin, ovary	Monomorphic lymphoma, polymorphic lymphoma	RI, surgical resection, rituximab, CH	Median survival 1.0 ± 1.5 years
Ramalingam et al. 2002, [48]	8/244	3.3%	12 months	Lung, small bowel, colon, skin	Monomorphic lymphoma, polymorphic lymphoma	RI, rituximab, interferon, CH, XRT	5/8 patients died of complications from PTLD
Reams et al. 2003, [9]	10/400	2.5%	343 days	Lung, small bowel, liver, periaortic adenopathy, tongue, supraclavicular	Monomorphic lymphoma, polymorphic lymphoma, T cell lymphoma	RI, rituximab, surgical resection, CH, XRT	5/10 survival over 1992–2002 time period
Tsai et al. 2008, [33]	17/206	8.3%	NA	Lung, extranodal	Monomorphic lymphoma	RI, rituximab, surgical resection, CH, XRT	Median survival 12 months
Knoop et al. 2006, [35]	17/224; *6/17	8.0%	68 months	Lung, mediastinum, cervical nodes, liver, bone marrow	Monomorphic lymphoma	RI, rituximab	4/6 complete remission with relapse free survival of 34 months
Baldanti et al. 2011, [12]	5/111	4.5%	270 days	Lung, mediastinum	Hodgkins, monomorphic lymphoma	RI, rituximab, CH	4/5 have died
Wudhikarn et al. 2010, [11]	29/639	5.0%	40 months	Lung, GI tract, intraabdominal lymph nodes, CNS, bone marrow	Monomorphic lymphoma, Burkitt’s, lymphoid granulomatosis, anaplastic large cell	RI, rituximab, surgical resection, CH, XRT	Median survival 10 months
Kremer et al. 2012, [13]	35/705	4.8%	38 months	Lung, GI tract, nasopharynx, skin, CNS, kidney, liver	Polymorphic lymphoma, monomorphic lymphoma	RI, rituximab, CH, XRT	Median survival 18.5 months

*This study examined 6/17 lung transplant patients with PTLD who received rituximab as a first-line therapy.
RI: reduced immunosuppression; CH: chemotherapy, XRT: radiation therapy.