Journal of Immunology Research / 2013 / Article / Tab 1 / Review Article
Cytomegalovirus in the Neonate: Immune Correlates of Infection and Protection Table 1 Summary of innate immune responses and their proposed role in control of or susceptibility to congenital CMV infection.
Innate immunity and susceptibility/protection in congenital CMV infection Immune effector Maternal/placental/fetal compartment Proposed effect on CMV transmission/disease NK cells-CD56bright Maternal (pregnancy) Uterine NK cells (i) Decreased cytolytic potential (ii) Increased risk of CMV transmission? NK cells-NKG2C+ Fetal compartment (i) Expansion of this NK subset in congenital and perinatal CMV (ii) Correlation with symptomatic CMV disease? Phagocytic cells Placental compartment (i) Neutrophils: possible role in defense (ii) Macrophage: potentiates spread to syncytiotrophoblasts? Toll-like receptors Maternal compartment Placental compartment (i) TLR2 polymorphism;
signaling to CMV glycoproteins;
risk of CMV disease in transplant patients; increased transmission risk? (ii) TLR3 polymorphism; decreased signaling to CMV antigens (iii) TLR7 polymorphism: decreased antibody response to glycoprotein B? Cytokines Chemokines Defensins Neonatal compartment Maternal compartment Placental compartment Placental-fetal interface (i)
IL-8
IF-
may correlate with increased transmission risk (ii) Increased maternal CCL-10 correlates with transmission (iii) Increased placental MCP-1 expression correlates with fetal demise (iv) Physiological increase in uterine IL-10 in pregnancy: increased risk of reactivation/transmission? (v) Beta-defensins 8 and 31 proposed to be upregulated in amniotic fluid of asymptomatically congenitally infected infants