Modification of Intestinal Microbiota and Its Consequences for Innate Immune Response in the Pathogenesis of Campylobacteriosis

Table 1

Summary of altered bacteria ratios in named noninfectious diseases.

Noninfectious disease	Names of bacteria altered	References
Type 1 diabetes	Decrease in Lactobacillus spp.	[43]
Type 2 diabetes	Increase in Bacillus spp. and Lactobacillus spp.	[44]
Obesity	Increase in Bacteroidetes; Decrease (to low numbers) in Bifidobacteria spp.	[49, 50]
Inflammatory bowel disease (including Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis)	Increase in Enterobacteriaceae; Decrease in Bacteroidetes and certain Firmicutes	[46, 51]
Irritable bowel syndrome	Twofold increase in Firmicutes compared to Bacteroidetes with increase in Clostridia spp. and decrease in Bifidobacteria spp.	[47]
Celiac disease	Increase in Lactobacillus spp., Bacteroides spp., Staphylococcus spp., and E. coli. In some cases levels of Bifidobacteria spp. increase, while there is reduction in some cases.; In children, there is increase in Firmicutes and low levels of Bacteroidetes.	[48, 52–54]