Transplant Glomerulopathy: The Interaction of HLA Antibodies and Endothelium

Figure 3

Intracellular signalling pathways mediated by HLA class I or II antibody binding to endothelial cells. The observation that the main HLA class I antibody binding stimulates intracellular EC pathways via the integrin β4 subunit is summarized in this figure. After stimulation cytoskeleton remodelling and stress fiber formation via ERK pathway occur with calcium dependent and independent signalling leading to possible TG development and inflammatory cell recruitment.