Increased Frequency of Circulating Follicular Helper T Cells in Children with Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease Caused by Enterovirus 71 Infection

Figure 1

Detection of circulating CXCR5⁺CD4⁺ TFH cells with ICOS^high and PD-1^high expression in peripheral blood of EV71-infected patients and HC. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with EV71 infection and HC were stained with labeled antibodies and analyzed by flow cytometry as described in Section 2. The cells were gated initially on living lymphocytes (upper left) and then on CD4⁺ T cells (upper right). Representative plots of CXCR5⁺CD4⁺ TFH cells in the total CD4⁺ T cells (a); PD-1^highCXCR5⁺CD4⁺ TFH cells (b); and COS^highCXCR5⁺CD4⁺ TFH cells (c).

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