Review Article

An Overview of Live Attenuated Recombinant Pseudorabies Viruses for Use as Novel Vaccines

Table 2

Comparisons of immunological efficacies among different virus vectors.

Viruses and vectorsInserted geneHostNeutralizing AbOther responsesReference

PRRSV
Canine adenovirus type 2GP5 and MMouseAppeared at 14 days post immunization (dpi) peaked at 42 dpi maximum titer = 16Anti-PRRSV Ab appeared at 14 dpi; CTL appeared at 28 dpi[7]
AdenovirusGP5 and MMouseAppeared at 14 dpi peaked at 56 dpi, maximum titer = 102Specific lymphocyte proliferation responses appeared at 28 dpi; CTL appeared at 28 dpi[69]
MVA (Poxvirus) GP5 and MMouseAppeared at 14 dpi peaked at 70 dpi maximum titer = 8.12High IFN- (72.6 pg/mL)[60]
BaculovirusGP5 and MMouseAppeared at 21 dpi peaked at 42 dpi maximum titer = 8High IFN-γ (147.84 pg/mL)[52]
PRVGP5 and MMouseAppeared at 42 dpi peaked at 70 dpi maximum titers = 21.3[11]
GP5m and MPigletsAppeared at 42 dpi peaked at 84 dpi maximum titer = 160Anti-PRRSV Ab appeared at 28 dpi

PCV2
AdenovirusORF2PigletsTiters = 1 : 36 (27 dpi) and 1 : 48 (37 dpi)Specific Ab appeared at 10 dpi; protection = 60%[55]
BaculovirusORF2MouseAppeared at 21 dpi peaked at 42 dpi maximum titer = 16Specific Ab appeared at 21 dpi; high IFN-γ (286 pg/mL)[70]
PRVORF2PigletsAppeared at 21 dpi
PCV2 Ab not detected
Specific Ab appeared at 21 dpi; PCV2-specific lymphocyte proliferation appeared at 49 dpi (low)[71]

FMDV
Adenoviruswhole capsid and non-structural protein 3CPigletsnon-detectedProtection = 75% low FMDV Ab [72]
Fowlpox virus (Poxvirus)whole capsid and non-structural protein 3CMouseSpecific Ab appeared at 10 dpi
PigletsPeaked at 30 dpi decreased by 49 dpiSpecific Ab appeared at 10 dpi; protection = 75%[21]
Pseudotype baculoviruswhole capsid and non-structural protein 3CMouseTiter = 13 (21 dpi)
Titer = 35 (49 dpi)
High IFN- (1917 pg/mL)[73]
PRVwhole capsid and non-structural protein 3CPigletsAppeared at 21 dpi (variable)Virus-specific lymphocyte and non-proliferative responses higher than recombinant; protection = 60%[63]

CSFV
AdenovirusesE2 glycoproteinRabbitsTiter = 13.8 (21 dpi)
Titer = 218.8 (35 dpi)
[43]
PigletsAntibody level was at 90% inhibition rateProtection = 40%
Orf virus (Poxvirus)E2 glycoproteinPigletsAppeared at 21 dpi
Titer = 37 (49 dpi)
Protection = 100%[74]
PRVE2 glycoproteinPigletsAppeared at 42 dpi
Titer = 37
Protection = 100%[6]

SIV
AdenovirusesHA gene of type H3N2MouseAppeared at 14 dpiHA inhibiting (HI) Ab appeared at 14 dpi peaked at 35 dpi
Titer = 8;
Maximum titer = 32
Protection = 83.3%
[31]
PRVHA gene of type H3N2MouseHI Ab appeared at 21 dpi Peaked at 42 dpi
Titer = 2
Maximum titer = 4 Protection = 80%.
[9]