Muramyl Dipeptide Enhances Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Osteoclast Formation and Bone Resorption through Increased RANKL Expression in Stromal Cells

Figure 9

Effect of muramyl dipeptide (MDP) on lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling in mouse stromal cell in vitro. (a) Stromal cells were stimulated using LPS (100 ng/mL) as indicated. Cells were then lysed and analyzed by western blotting. (b) Stromal cells were stimulated using PBS, LPS (10 ng/mL), MDP (10 μg/mL), LPS (100 ng/mL), or LPS (10 ng/mL) + MDP (10 μg/mL) for 15 min. Cells were then lysed and analyzed by western blotting.

(a)

(b)