Recognition of Immune Response for the Early Diagnosis and Treatment of Osteoarthritis

Table 3

Probes for mediators of inflammation in modern imaging techniques.

Cell type or protein	Probe
Macrophage	(i) ^18F-FDG (PET) [98, 99]
CD4^+ T cell	(i) ^64Cu-PTSM (PET) [100]; (ii) ^18F-FB-IL-2 (PET) [99]
B cell	(i) ^124I-rituximab (PET) [101]
Neutrophil	(i) cFLFLF-PEG-Cy 7 (NIRF); (ii) cFLFLF-PEG-DOTA-^64Cu (PET)
Mast cell	(i) Ligand 1 (in vitro) [102]
TNFα	(i) ^64Cu-DOTA-etanercept (PET) [103]
Complement	(i) USPIO-conjugated anti-C3mab (T2-MRI) [104]
MMP	(i) ^124I-HO-MPI (CGS 27023A) (PET) [105]