Vitamin D Deficiency Contributes to the Reduction and Impaired Function of Naïve Regulatory T Cell in Chronic Heart Failure

Figure 1

The imbalance of Treg and Th17 cells in patients with CHF. (a) Representative flow cytometric (FCM) dot plots of Foxp3 and IL-17 double staining in CD4⁺T cell. (b) The increased frequencies of Th17 cells and decreased Treg cells were found in CHF patient compared to the healthy donor significantly, while AMI was set as other cardiovascular diseases. (c) The ratio of Treg to Th17 is significantly reduced in CHF. (d) The mRNA expressions of Treg and Th17 related transcription factors and cytokines. (e) Plasma concentrations of 25(OH)D and NT-ProBNP in three CHF groups and controls. Data represent the mean ± SEM; ^*, ^**, and ^***, as compared with HD.

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