Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells on Transplantation: Immunotherapy Based on Second Signal Blockage

Figure 4

Anti-CD40L interaction and effects on T cells. Costimulatory molecule CD40L is primarily expressed on activated CD4⁺ T lymphocytes. Anti-CD40L binds to the CD40L present on T cell and blocks its interaction with CD40 receptor present on APC. Therapy with anti-CD40L (CD154) or anti-CD40 MAb, alone or combined with other molecules, downregulates T cell proliferation, Th1 cytokine production, and antibody secretion. CD40L: CD40 ligand; APC: antigen-presenting cell.