Research Article
Cyclic AMP-Responsive Element Modulator α Polymorphisms Are Potential Genetic Risks for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Table 1
Demographic and clinical characteristics of subjects.
| | Characteristics | SLE cases
() | Controls
() |
| | Female (%) | 90.0 | 88.5 | | Age (mean ± SD years) | 36 ± 13 | 43 ± 9 | | Age of onset (mean ± SD years) | 29.0 ± 0.6 | — | | Disease duration (mean ± SD years) | 5.4 ± 0.3 | — | | Clinical manifestations (%) | | | | Rash () | 44.1 | — | | Arthritis () | 43.4 | — | | Renal disorder () | 35.4 | — | | Autoantibody positivity (%) | | | | Anti-dsDNA positivity () | 41.0 | — | | Anti-Sm positivity () | 17.0 | — |
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SLE: systemic lupus erythematosus; anti-dsDNA: anti-double-stranded DNA antibody; anti-Sm: anti-Smith antibody; SD: standard deviation.
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