Anti-Phosphatidylserine/Prothrombin Antibodies Are Associated with Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes

Table 1

Review of antiprothrombin antibodies and pregnancy complications.

Author, year (ref.)	Study design	Number of controls (feature)	Number of patients (event)	ELISA	Isotype	Sensit. (%)	OR
Forastiero et al., 1997 [12]	R	89 (no obstetric complications)	44 (obstetric complications)	aPT-A	IgG	20	1.4	ns
					IgM	12	1.8	ns
Akimoto et al., 2001 [17]	P	12 (healthy nonpregnant)	19 (abortion <13th WG)	aPT-A	IgG	58		<0.01
		36 (normal pregnancy)	28 (severe preeclampsia)	aPT-A	IgG	36		<0.01
Tsutsumi et al., 2001 [16]	R		81 (≥2 recurrent miscarriages)	aPS/PT	IgG	0
					IgM	0
Sugiura-Ogasawara et al., 2004 [15]	R		100 (≥2 recurrent miscarriages)	aPS/PT	IgG	1
					IgM	0
Bertolaccini et al., 2005 [18]	R(M)	71 (healthy)	40 (recurrent abortions <10th WG)	aPS/PT	IgG	12	1.2	ns
					IgM	9	1.4	ns
				aPT-A	IgG	11	0.9	ns
					IgM	0	0.2	ns
			37 (fetal death >10th WG)	aPS/PT	IgG	17	3.3	0.005
					IgM	13	3.7	0.006
				aPT-A	IgG	19	4.1	0.0007
					IgM	1	0.5	ns
			29 (prematurity <34th WG preeclampsia/eclampsia/placental insufficiency)	aPS/PT	IgG	9	1.2	ns
					IgM	5	0.9	ns
				aPT-A	IgG	10	1.4	ns
					IgM	0	0.3	ns
Nojima et al., 2006 [13]	R(M)	74 (healthy)	14 (fetal loss)	aPS/PT		21	1.49	ns
				aPT-A		14	0.25	ns
Sabatini et al., 2007 [21]	RCC	200 (pregnant, gestational/age matched)	100 (pregnant, past ≥3 recurrent abortions <20th WG)	aPT-A	IgG	37		<0.001
					IgM	18		<0.001
					IgA	4		ns
Marozio et al., 2011 [3]	RCC	163 (uneventful pregnancy)	163 (adverse late pregnancy outcome)	aPT-A	IgG	26	9.1	<0.001
					IgM	2	na	ns
Sater et al., 2012 [14]	RCC	288	277 (≥3 miscarriages <12th WG)	aPT-A	IgM	4	14.27	ns
Vlagea et al., 2013 [19]	R	/	71 (obstetric abnormalities)	aPS/PT	IgG	25	2.37	0.04
					IgM	27	1.32	ns
Žigon et al., 2013 [20]	R(M)	55 (no obstetric complications)	28 (APS obstetric abnormalities)	aPS/PT	IgG	64	9.3	<0.001
					IgM	54	4.0	<0.005

Medline query with keywords “antiprothrombin antibodies” and “pregnancy/obstetric/miscarriages/fetal loss” in various combinations yielded the documented reports. R: retrospective study, R(M): retrospective study with multivariate analyses, P: prospective study, RCC: retrospective case control study, ns: not significant, WG: week of gestation, OR: odds ratio, and Sensit.: diagnostic sensitivity.