Immunomodulatory Effects of a Bioactive Compound Isolated from Dryopteris crassirhizoma on the Grass Carp Ctenopharyngodon idella

Figure 3

Relative expression of immune-related genes at different time points in C. idella head kidney macrophages (CIHKM) cells stimulated with SA. (a) Expression of MyD88 gene; (b) expression of IL-1β gene; (c) expression of TNF-α gene; (d) expression of Mx1 gene. Bars represent the mean ± S.E.M (). Significant expression levels in SA stimulated cells compared to unstimulated control are indicated by an asterisk () at that time point ().

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