Review Article

How Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Become Visible

Table 3

Overview of selected examples for in vivo and in situ detections of NETs.

ReferencesIn vivoIn situSpeciesPathogen/diseaseOrgan/tissue/body fluidMethod(s)

[3]xRabbitExperimental shigellosisIntestineImmunofluorescence microscopy
[3]xHumanSpontaneous appendicitisIntestineImmunofluorescence microscopy
[54]xHumanPreeclampsiaPlacentaeImmunofluorescence microscopy
[55]xMurineStreptococcus pneumoniae/pneumoniaLungImmunofluorescence confocal microscopy
[23]xMurineGroup A Streptococcus/necrotizing fasciitisSkinImmunofluorescence microscopy
[38]xMurineEndotoxemia model (LPS induced)LiverIntravital microscopy
[69]xHumanPlasmodium falciparumPeripheral bloodCytology
[70]xHumanSmall-vessel vasculitis (SVV)KidneyImmunofluorescence microscopy
[17]xMurineCandida albicansSkin, lungImmunofluorescence microscopy
[17]xMurineCandida albicansLungScanning electron microscopy
[71]xHumanPeriodontitisCrevicular exudate samples, pocket epithelium biopsiesImmunofluorescence microscopy, histology microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy
[72]xHumanLeishmania amazonensis/Cutaneous LeishmaniasisSkinImmunofluorescence microscopy
[15]xBaboonThrombosis (deep vein thrombosis)VeinImmunohistochemistry
[56]xMurineStaphylococcus aureusLungImmunofluorescence confocal microscopy
[57]xMurineAspergillus fumigatus/pneumoniaLungTwo-photon microscopy
[73]xHumanSystemic lupus erythematosusSkin, kidneyImmunofluorescence microscopy
[8]xMurineInfluenza/pneumoniaLungImmunofluorescence microscopy, histology microscopy
[62, 63]xMurineAtherosclerosisCarotid arteryIntravital two-photon microscopy
[62]xHumanAtherosclerosisCarotid arteryImmunohistochemistry
[64]xMurineSepsis (LPS, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus)LiverSpinning disk confocal intravital microscopy
[74]xMurineLung injury (LPS)LungImmunofluorescence microscopy
[35]xMurine/human neutrophils in viable mouseStaphylococcus aureus induced abscessSkinSpinning disk confocal intravital microscopy
[35]xHumanStaphylococcus aureus induced abscessSkinTransmission electron microscopy
[65]xMurineThrombosisVeinIntravital two-photon microscopy
[65]xMurineThrombosisVeinImmunohistochemical microscopy
[75]xMurineTumorLiver, lungSpinning disk confocal intravital microscopy
[75]xMurineTumorLiver, lungImmunofluorescence confocal microscopy
[76]xMurineStreptococcus pneumoniae and influenza/pneumoniaLungImmunofluorescence microscopy
[66]xMurineSepsis model (LPS)Blood, liver, lungIntravital imaging for intra-abdominal organs using a multiphoton microscope
[14]xHumanGoutyJoint, cytospin synovial fluidImmunofluorescence microscopy
[14]xMurineMSU induced aggNETsIntraperitoneal aggregatesImmunohistochemical microscopy
[77]xMurineStaphylococcus aureusLiverSpinning disk confocal intravital microscopy