Maternal and Perinatal Outcome in Women with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Retrospective Bicenter Cohort Study
Table 1
Baseline characteristics per study pregnancy.
Pregnancies (n)
Total 144
SLE-aPL 117
SLE + aPL 14
SLE + APS 13
value
Number of women
96
77
9
10
NA
Study pregnancies per woman
1 [1-2]
1 [1-2]
1 [1-2]
1 [1–1.5]
0.71
Non-Caucasian#
15/91 (16.5)
13/74 (17.6)
2/8 (25.0)
0/9 (0)
0.36
Age (years)
31.9 ± 4.4
32.1 ± 4.4
29.7 ± 4.0
32.5 ± 4.7
0.16
BMI (kg/m2)
23.7 ± 4.4
23.2 ± 3.5
25.2 ± 3.6
25.9 ± 9.0
0.05
Smoking
12/139 (8.6)
10/113 (8.8)
0/14 (0)
2/12 (16.7)
0.27
General history
Chronic hypertension
20/142 (14.1)
16/117 (13.7)
2/13 (15.4)
2/12 (16.7)
0.81
Diabetes
5/143 (3.5)
4/117 (3.4)
0/14 (0)
1/12 (8.3)
0.42
History of thrombosis
23/144 (16.0)
14/117 (12.0)
0/0 (0)
9/13 (69.2)
<0.01
Serum creatinine level < 6 months before pregnancy (μmol/L)
67.2 ± 11.4
67.6 ± 10.9
69.0 ± 13.4
62.6 ± 13.2
0.31
SLE-specific history
SLE duration before start pregnancy (years)
7.8 ± 4.9
7.7 ± 5.0
8.7 ± 4.2
7.6 ± 4.6
0.76
History of nephritis^
57/144 (39.6)
45/117 (38.5)
7/14 (50.0)
5/13 (38.5)
0.70
SS-A and/or SS-B positive
70/138 (50.7)
61/111 (55.0)
6/14 (42.9)
3/13 (23.1)
0.08
Medication use at start pregnancy
Hydroxychloroquine
69/135 (51.1)
54/109 (49.5)
6/13 (46.2)
9/13 (69.2)
0.38
Azathioprine
39/140 (27.6)
35/114 (30.7)
3/13 (23.1)
1/13 (7.7)
0.21
Prednisone
74/140 (52.9)
63/114 (55.3)
7/13 (53.8)
4/13 (30.8)
0.25
Obstetric history
Miscarriages∞
32/94 (34.0)
26/78 (33.3)
2/8 (25.0)
4/8 (50.0)
0.68
Severe HD
19/63 (30.2)
16/51 (31.4)
2/7 (28.6)
1/5 (20.0)
1.00
IUFD
13/91 (14.3)
13/76 (17.1)
0/8 (0)
0/7 (0)
0.33
Preterm birth (<37 weeks)
24/76 (31.6)
21/64 (32.8)
2/7 (28.6)
1/5 (20.0)
1.00
SGA infant
17/69 (24.6)
16/57 (28.1)
0/14 (0)
1/5 (20.0)
0.34
Data depicted as numbers (%), mean ± standard deviation, or median [interquartile range]. #This item is depicted per woman, not per pregnancy, either arterial or venous, ^biopsy proven, ∞<16 weeks gestation. SLE: systemic lupus erythematosus; aPL: antiphospholipid antibodies; APS: antiphospholipid syndrome; NA: not applicable; BMI: body-mass index; severe HD: hypertensive disorders of pregnancy including preeclampsia, eclampsia, and HELLP syndrome; IUFD: intrauterine fetal death; SGA: small-for-gestational age (birth weight < p10).
