|
Generic name | Trade name | Mechanism of action | Reference |
|
Induction (depletion of T cell or inhibition of T cell activation) |
Antithymocyte globulin (ATG) | Thymoglobulin | Polyclonal antibody, profound T cell depletion | [100] |
Muromonab-CD3 | Orthoclone OKT3 | Anti-CD3 mAb, T cell depletion | [101] |
Alemtuzumab | Campath Lemtrada | Anti-CD52 mAb, T cell depletion | [102] |
Basiliximab | Simulect | Anti-CD25 mAb IL-2 receptor antagonist | [103] |
Daclizumab | Zenapax | Anti-CD25 mAb IL-2 receptor antagonist | [104] |
Maintenance (inhibition of T cell activation and proliferation) |
Azathioprine | Imurel | Purine synthesis inhibitor Inhibition of T/B cell proliferation | [105] |
Cyclosporine | Sandimmune Neoral | Calcineurin inhibitor Inhibition of T cell proliferation | [106] |
Tacrolimus | Prograf Advagraf | Calcineurin inhibitor Inhibition of T cell proliferation | [94] |
Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) | CellCept | Purine synthesis inhibitor Inhibition of T/B cell proliferation | [107] |
Sirolimus | Rapamune | mTOR inhibitor, inhibits T/B cell proliferation | [108] |
Everolimus | Zortress/Certican | mTOR inhibitor | [106] |
Etanercept | Enbrel | TNF-α inhibitor | [106] |
Anti-CD154-mAb | | Blockage of CD40/CD154 T cell costimulation | [109] |
Abatacept (CTLA4-Ig) | Orencia (1st generation) | Blockage of B7/CD28 T cell costimulation | [110] |
Belatacept (CTLA4-Ig) | Nulojix (2nd generation) | Blockage of B7/CD28 T cell costimulation | [111] |
Leflunomide | Arava Lunava | Pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor, blockage of the proliferation of T/B cells | [112] |
Anti-inflammation |
Adalimumab | Humira | Anti-TNF α-mAb (human) | [113] |
Infliximab | Remicade | Anti-TNF α-mAb (chimeric human-mouse) | [114] |
Etanercept | Enbrel | Soluble TNF receptor fusion protein | [106] |
Anakinra | Kineret | IL-1β receptor antagonist | [115] |
A1AT (alpha-1 antitrypsin) | | Reduction in inflammatory cytokines | [54] |
SP600125 (JNK inhibitor) | | Inhibition of the production of PIC | [116] |
|