Naturally Derived Anti-HIV Polysaccharide Peptide (PSP) Triggers a Toll-Like Receptor 4-Dependent Antiviral Immune Response

Figure 7

PSP activates TLR4 anti-HIV chemokine production. This model summarizes the findings of this study, suggesting that PSP triggers TLR4 leading to the activation of the transcription factor NFκβ. PSP’s immune activation induces the overproduction of antiviral chemokines (RANTES, MIP-1β, MIP-1α, and SDF-1), which are well known to block HIV-1 coreceptors CCR5 and CXCR4 and subsequently downregulate HIV-1 viral replication.