Alda-1 Ameliorates Liver Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Activating Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 and Enhancing Autophagy in Mice

Figure 6

Autophagy is involved in ALDH2 activation-induced protection of mouse liver IRI. (a) Western blot analysis of LC3B and P62 expression in liver tissues at 6 hours after reperfusion or sham operation (β-actin is used as a loading control). (b, c) Representative transmission electron micrographs showing autophagosomes in the ischemic liver tissues at 6 h after reperfusion (black arrows denote autophagosomes) and the number of autophagosomes in per 100 μm² of the cytoplasm. PT: portal triads; CV: central veins. Scale bars: 50 μm. Scale bars: 1 μm. (d–g) Mice were treated with 3-methyladenine 1 h after Alda-1 or pretreated with DMSO and killed at 6 h after reperfusion. (d, e) Representative H&E-stained images and relative Suzuki’s scores of the liver section. Scale bars: 50 μm. (f) Serum ALT/AST level. (g) Western blot analysis of LC3B, P62, Bcl2, and Bax expression in liver tissues (β-actin is used as a loading control). All data are shown as mean ± SEM (n = 4–6). .

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

(g)