Long-Term In Vitro Passaging Had a Negligible Effect on Extracellular Vesicles Released by Leishmania amazonensis and Induced Protective Immune Response in BALB/c Mice

Figure 8

Cytokine responses in mice immunized with EVs from LT-P and IVD-P. BALB/c mice ( per group) were immunized with EVs LT-P and EVs IVD-P mixed with adjuvant. Controls received adjuvant alone (Adj). Two weeks after the last dose, spleen cells were collected and cultured with medium alone (medium) or stimulated with each homologous EVs used for immunization (EVs). (a) Measurement of IL-10, (b) IFN-γ, (c) TNF-α, (d) IL-6, and (e) IL-4 cytokine levels in cell supernatants. The bars indicate that the mean and the error bars denote the standard deviation of the groups. Statistics were performed using two-way ANOVA, followed by the Tukey post test. indicates significant difference in relation to the groups of mice immunized with EVs and adjuvant alone

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