T-regulatory cells (Tregs) are immunosuppressive cells that are essential for maintaining homeostasis and immune tolerance. Tregs are known to have well-characterized roles in various pathological settings including inflammation, autoimmunity, graft rejection, and cancer. Defects in Treg function lead to the development of numerous autoimmune disorders including autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD), immunodysregulation polyendocrinopathy enteropathy X-linked syndrome (IPEX), and multiple sclerosis. Furthermore, Tregs accumulate in peripheral tissues and tumor microenvironment, where they suppress tumor-specific immune responses and contribute to the development of a tolerogenic tumor microenvironment that effectively enables tumors to evade the immune system. A better understanding of Tregs in various disease settings is critical to target these cells for therapeutic benefits.

The aim of this special issue is to provide a platform for researchers and scientists to share their research on the role and function of Tregs in health and different diseases. We are particularly interested in original research and review articles, which can provide new insights into the role and function of Tregs in health and human disease milieu.

Potential topics include but are not limited to the following:

• Importance of Tregs for maintaining hemostasis and immune tolerance
• Role of Tregs in inflammation, autoimmunity, transplantation, and cancer
• Phenotype of Tregs in various human diseases
• Epigenetic modifications of Tregs in various human diseases
• Importance of targeting Tregs in various therapeutic modalities
• Targeting Tregs in cancer immunotherapy
• Gene mutations related to Tregs function in various disease settings
• Essential function of FOXP3 in maintaining immune tolerance in various diseases