Review Article
Apoptotic Sphingolipid Ceramide in Cancer Therapy
Table 1
Targeting ceramide metabolic enzymes alters drug resistance in cancers.
| | Enzymes | Cancer species (cell line) | Drug | Resistance | Reference |
| | GCS | Breast cancer (MCF-7) | Adriamycin | | [103, 104] | | Colon cancer (SW620) | Adriamycin | | [104] | | Epidermoid carcinoma (KB-3-1) | Adriamycin | |
[104] | | Vinblastine | | Leukemia (HL-60) | Vincristine | | [104] | | Melanoma (MeWo) | Etoposide | | [104] | | Leukemia (HL-60) | Doxorubicin | | [105] |
| | GCS | Adriamycin-resistant MCF-7 | Adriamycin | | [106] | | Adriamycin-resistant MCF-7 | Vinblastine | |
[107] | | Paclitaxel | | Adriamycin-resistant MCF-7 and murine breast cancer (EMT6) | Doxorubicin | | [108, 109] | | Adriamycin-resistant SW620 | Doxorubicin | | [108] | | Doxorubicin-resistant ovarian carcinoma (A2780) | Doxorubicin | | [108] | | Doxorubicin-resistant cervical cancer (KB-A1) | Doxorubicin | | [108] | | Hepatoma (HepG2) | Doxorubicin | | [110] | | Multidrug-resistant leukemia (K562/A02) | Adriamycin | | [111] |
| | Acid Ceramidase | Prostate cancer (DU145) | Doxorubicin | | | | Cisplatin |
[112] | | Etoposide | | Gemcitabine | |
| | Acid Ceramidase | Hepatoma (HepG2, Hep-3B, SK-Hep and Hepa1c1c7) | Daunorubicin | | [113] |
| | SphK1 | Ovarian cancer (A2780) | 4-HPR | | [114] | | Leukemia (HL-60) | Doxorubicin | |
[115] | | Etoposide | | Pancreatic cancer (Panc-1) | Gemcitabine | | [116] |
| | SphK1 | 4-HPR-resistant A2780 | 4-HPR | | [114] | | Daunorubicin-resistant leukemia (K562) | Daunorubicin | | [117] | | Camptothecin-resistant prostate cancer (PC3) | Camptothecin | | [118] | | Oxaliplatin-resistant colon cancer (RKO) | Oxaliplatin | | [119] |
| | Acid SMase | Glioma | Gemcitabine | |
[120] | | Doxorubicin |
| | S1P lyase | Lung cancer (A549) | Cisplatin | | | | Carboplatin | | [121] | | Doxorubicin | | |
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