Surface Modification and Alloying of Aluminum and Titanium Alloys with Low-Energy, High-Current Electron Beams

Figure 17

Nanohardness—depth profiles: (1, 2) substrate (Ti-6Al-4V alloy) before and after multiple pulsed melting, respectively; (3,4, 5) [Zr(20 nm)/Ti(20 nm)]₁₂/(Ti-6Al-4V) system as-deposited, after pulsed melting (3.5 J/cm², 𝑛=1), and subsequent annealing, respectively.