Mathematical Analysis of a Single-Species Population Model in a Polluted Environment with Discrete Time Delays

Figure 1

Time series plot of 𝑋, 𝑌, and 𝑍 for zero exogenous input (𝛾=0) with 𝑋(0)=1, 𝑌(0)=2, and 𝑍(0)=0.2; parameter values are given in Table 1.