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| Year(s) | Site | Taxa | Notes |
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| 1842–1915 | LayLisMid | Seabirds: Sooty tern (Onychoprion fuscatus) Laysan albatross (Phoebastria immutabilis) Black-footed albatross (P. nigripes) Grey-backed tern (Sterna lunata) White tern (Gygis alba) Masked booby (Sula dactylatra) Lesser frigate bird (Fregata ariel) Great frigate bird (F. minor) Red-tailed tropicbird (Phaethon rubricauda) | 1.3 million taken (recorded legal and illegal harvests); this does not include: records of implied harvest at additional locations and in additional years, consumption by shipwrecked sailors, egg harvest, nesting habitat loss from guano harvest (450,000 tons at Laysan Island), introduced species, and chick mortality due to removal of parents [18–116]. |
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| 19th century | NWHI | Hawaiian monk seal (Monachus schauinslandi) | Hunted to near-extinction for meat, skins, and bait for shark fishery [23, 35]. For details, see Table 2. |
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| 18th–19th centuries | NWHI | Green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas) | Extensively hunted for meat and eggs. Also used as bait in shark fishery. Exploited for subsistence and market in the 1940s and 1950s by commercial fishermen on FFS [117, 118]. |
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| 1859–1900; 2000 | NWHI | Sharks: Tiger (Galeocerdo cuvier) Galapagos (Carcharhinus galapagensis) Sandbar (C. plumbeus) Grey reef (C. amblyrhynchos) Blacktip (C. limbatus) | From 1859 to 1900, several vessels took part in a fishery for shark fins and oil, removed a large but unknown number of sharks [25]. In 2000, 990 sharks removed in a single 21-day shark fishing trip to Nihoa Island, Necker Island, Gardner Pinnacles, St. Rogatien Bank, and FFS [27]. |
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| 1913–2002 | NWHI | Fish: Trevally (Pseudocaranx spp.) Amberjacks (Seriola spp.) Big-eyed scad (Selar crumenopthalmus) Yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) Bigeye (T. obesus) Skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) Pink snapper (Pristipomoides filamentosus) Oblique-banded snapper (P. zonatus) Lavender snapper (P. seiboldii) Longtail snapper (Etelis coruscans) Squirrelfish snapper (Etelis carbunculus) Hawaiian grouper (Epinephelus quernus) Grey jobfish (Aprion virescens) | In 1913, Honolulu-based sampans began fishing for trevally and amberjacks. A bottomfish fishery operated from 1930 to 2010. Following World War II, vessels from Honolulu participated in a NWHI mixed-species fishery for bottomfish, lobsters, reef fish, inshore species, and turtles. In 1946, fishing companies began using FFS as a base of operations with planes exporting, among other species, big-eyed scad [119]. Foreign and domestic longline fleets exploited yellowfin and bigeye tuna while pole-and-line fleets targeted skipjack tuna and baitfish as early as the 1950s. The foreign longline fishery ended in 1980, the domestic longline fishery lasted until 1991. A recreational fishery for a variety of species operated at Midway Island from 1996 to 2002, breaking several International Game Fish Association line class world records. |
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| 1882 | LayLisPHRFFS | Sea cucumber (Holothuria) | 755 sea cucumbers (bêche-de-mer) were harvested at Lay, Lis, and PHR; an unknown amount were taken from FFS by the vessel Ada [18, 21, 27]. |
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| 1928–1930 | PHR | Black-lipped pearl oyster (Pinctada margaritifera) | ~150,000 harvested [29]. |
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| 1965–1980s | NWHIGardnerLay | Pink coral (Corallium spp.) | Since 1965, foreign vessels used tangle nets to harvest precious coral; Taiwanese vessels illegally poached 100 tons near Gardner Pinnacles and Lay [30]. |
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| 1970–1999 | NWHI | Hawaiian spiny lobster (Panulirus marginatus) Scaly slipper lobster (Scyllarides squammosus) | 11 million individuals landed [32]. |
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