Research Article

Gateways to Hawai‘i: Genetic Population Structure of the Tropical Sea Cucumber Holothuria atra

Table 1

is the Sample size, is the total number of haplotypes, is the number of unique haplotypes at site, is the nucleotide diversity, is the haplotype diversity, and is the effective number of alleles in COI.

RegionSite Tajima's Fu's

Main Hawaiian IslandsHilo940 0.0041 ± 0.0030 0.81 ± 0.085.3−0.270.08
Kona21102 0.0078 ± 0.0046 0.87 ± 0.067.5−0.57−2.21
Oahu2472 0.0052 ± 0.0033 0.79 ± 0.054.7−0.88−0.58
Kauai3082 0.0033 ± 0.0023 0.75 ± 0.064.0−1.21−2.61
Niihau541 0.0071 ± 0.0052 0.90 ± 0.1610.0−0.75−0.33

Northwest Hawaiian IslandsFrench Frigate28102 0.0082 ± 0.0048 0.88 ± 0.048.3−0.14−1.12
Gardner210 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Laysan1280 0.0064 ± 0.0041 0.89 ± 0.089.1−1.062.91
Pearl & Hermes37102 0.0086 ± 0.0049 0.79 ± 0.054.8−1.26−0.23
Midway35146 0.0084 ± 0.0048 0.84 ± 0.056.2−0.64−3.61
Kure2382 0.0096 ± 0.0055 0.85 ± 0.046.9−0.920.47

JohnstonJohnston2671 0.0131 ± 0.0073 0.81 ± 0.055.3−0.282.96

Line IslandsKingman27103 0.0142 ± 0.0078 0.90 ± 0.039.7−0.390.81
Palmyra1642 0.0155 ± 0.0087 0.76 ± 0.064.12.596.13
Jarvis2353 0.0126 ± 0.0070 0.65 ± 0.082.91.84.84

Marshall IslandsMajuro1453 0.0139 ± 0.0079 0.76 ± 0.084.12.223.32
Kwajalein941 0.0126 ± 0.0076 0.75 ± 0.114.01.492.81

Bonin IslandsOgasawara2043 0.013 ± 0.0073 0.66 ± 0.062.92.256.15

Ryukyu IslandsOkinawa2432 0.0028 ± 0.0021 0.51 ± 0.092.00.261.82

Overall3855537 0.0088 ± 0.0045 0.92 ± 0.0812.5