Modelling Reef Fish Population Responses to Fisheries Restrictions in Marine Protected Areas in the Coral Triangle

Table 2

Functional groups, habitat specifications, and dispersal rates in Raja Ampat Ecospace model.

Functional groups	Reef	10 m Isobath	20 m Isobath	200 m Isobath	Deep >200 m	TL	Dispersal rate km·yr^−1	Dispersal rate reference
Mysticetae				+	+	3.49	10000	[92]
Piscivorous odontocetae			+	+	+	4.22	1000	[93]
Deepdiving odontocetae				+	+	4.05	10000	[94]
Dugongs		+	+			2.00	300	(default)
Birds	+	+	+	+	+	3.59	300	(default)
Reef associated turtles	+	+	+			3.27	1000	[95]
Green turtles		+	+	+	+	2.20	1000	[96, 97]
Oceanic turtles		+	+	+	+	3.44	10000	[98]
Crocodiles		+	+			3.98	300	(default)
Adult groupers	+					3.65	30	[56]
Subadult groupers	+					3.70	220	[99, 100]
Juvenile groupers	+					3.70	100	[59]
Adult snappers	+					3.72	30	[56]
Subadult snappers	+					3.66	350	[99, 100]
Juvenile snappers	+					3.85	150	[59]
Adult Napoleon wrasse	+					3.85	30	[56]
Subadult Napoleon wrasse	+					3.62	100	(guess)
Juvenile Napoleon wrasse	+					3.40	150	[59, 101]
Skipjack tuna		+	+	+	+	4.09	1000	[102]
Other tuna		+	+	+	+	4.05	1000	[103]
Mackerel		+	+	+		3.79	1000	[104]
Billfish				+	+	4.44	1000	[105]
Adult coral trout	+					3.88	6	[55]
Juvenile coral trout	+					3.85	150	[59]
Adult large sharks				+	+	4.15	300	(guess)
Juvenile large sharks			+	+	+	3.86	300	(guess)
Adult small sharks			+	+		4.28	100	(guess)
Juvenile small sharks			+	+		4.11	100	(guess)
Whale shark	+	+	+	+	+	3.82	1000	[106]
Manta ray	+	+	+	+	+	3.74	1000	(guess)
Adult rays	+	+	+	+		3.31	1000	(guess)
Juvenile rays	+	+	+	+		3.42	1000	(guess)
Adult butterflyfish	+	+				2.97	5	[54]
Juvenile butterflyfish	+					2.77	10	[107]
Cleaner wrasse	+					3.30	3	(guess)
Adult large pelagic		+	+	+	+	3.89	500	[108]
Juvenile large pelagic		+	+	+		3.64	500	[108]
Adult medium pelagic		+	+	+	+	3.62	300	(guess)
Juvenile medium pelagic		+	+	+		3.45	300	(guess)
Adult small pelagic	+	+	+	+		3.59	200	(guess)
Juvenile small pelagic	+	+	+	+		2.63	200	(guess)
Adult large reef associated	+					2.95	50	[54, 56, 57]
Juvenile large reef associated	+					3.06	150	[59]
Adult medium reef	+					3.08	50	[54, 56, 57]
Juvenile medium reef	+					2.38	150	[59]
Adult small reef associated	+					2.76	30	[54, 57]
Juvenile small reef associated	+					2.70	100	[59]
Adult large demersal		+	+	+	+	3.21	200	(guess)
Juvenile large demersal		+	+	+		3.47	200	(guess)
Adult small demersal		+	+	+		3.61	100	(guess)
Juvenile small demersal		+	+	+		3.22	100	(guess)
Adult large planktivore	+		+	+	+	3.39	200	(guess)
Juvenile large planktivore	+	+	+	+		3.48	1000	[108]
Adult small planktivore	+	+	+			3.23	200	(guess)
Juvenile small planktivore	+	+	+			2.52	1000	[108]
Adult anchovy	+	+	+			3.31	500	(guess)
Juvenile anchovy	+	+	+			2.14	500	(guess)
Adult deepwater fish					+	3.83	300	(default)
Juvenile deepwater fish				+	+	3.37	300	(default)
Adult macro algal browsing	+					2.47	50	[54]
Juvenile macro algal	+					2.16	100	[59]
Adult eroding grazers	+					2.45	50	[54]
Juvenile eroding grazers	+					2.71	100	[59]
Adult scraping grazers	+					2.16	5	[54]
Juvenile scraping grazers	+	+				2.33	100	[59]
Detritivore fish	+	+	+	+		2.24	50	(guess)
Azooxanthellate corals	+	+				2.50	2	[52]
Hermatypic scleractinian	+					1.30	1	[52]
Non reef building	+					1.30	2	[52]
Soft corals	+	+				1.75	2	[52]
Calcareous algae	+					1.00	2	[51]
Anemones		+				3.15	5	(guess)
Penaeid shrimps		+	+	+	+	2.51	100	[109]
Shrimps and prawns	+	+	+			2.02	30	[110]
Squid				+	+	3.49	300	(default)
Octopus	+	+	+			3.40	50	[111]
Sea cucumbers	+	+	+			2.00	20	[51]
Lobsters	+	+	+	+		3.23	20	[51]
Large crabs	+	+	+	+		2.95	20	[51]
Small crabs	+	+	+			2.51	20	[51]
Crown of thorns	+					2.47	20	[51]
Giant triton	+					3.34	20	[51]
Herbivorous echinoids	+	+	+			2.00	20	[51]
Bivalves	+	+	+	+		2.20	20	[51]
Sessile filter feeders	+	+	+	+		2.32	20	[51]
Epifaunal detritivorous	+	+	+			2.00	20	[51]
Epifaunal carnivorous	+	+	+			2.92	20	[51]
Infaunal invertebrates		+	+	+		2.01	20	[51]
Jellyfish and hydroids	+	+	+	+	+	3.10	300	(default)
Carnivorous zooplankton	+	+	+	+	+	3.18	300	(default)
Large herbivorous	+	+	+	+	+	2.00	300	(default)
Small herbivorous	+	+	+	+	+	2.00	300	(default)
Phytoplankton	+	+	+	+	+	1.00	300	(default)
Macro algae	+	+	+			1.00	20	[51]
Sea grass		+	+			1.00	6	[51]
Mangroves		+				1.00	5	(guess)
Fishery discards	+	+	+	+	+	1.00	10	(default)
Detritus	+	+	+	+	+	1.00	10	(default)