Shape of Aquatic Animals and Their Swimming Efficiency

Table 1

The volumetric Reynolds number 𝑅_𝑉 and the capacity-efficiency factor 𝐶_𝐸 (W/kg) for different animals based on formula (15) and data from Aleyev [6].

Name	Re𝑉	𝐶𝐸 (W/kg)
Sagitta setosa	1.0∗10^3	6.74
Gambusia affinis holbrooki	3.4∗10^3	8.32
Lebistes reticulatus	3.8∗10^3	2.92
Xiphophorus maculatus	8.0∗10^3	1.74
Leucaspius delineatus	8.6∗10^3	1.56
Mollienisia velifera	9.6∗10^3	1.76
Ostracion tuberculatus	9.7∗10^3	0.022
Clupeonella delicatula delicatula	9.8∗10^3	0.887
Gymnammodytes cicerellus	1.0∗10^4	2.97
Gasterosteusaculeatus	1.4∗10^4	0.722
Atherina bonapartei	1.6∗10^4	2.43
Xiphophorus helleru	1.7∗10^4	0.924
Sprattus sprattus phalericus	1.9∗10^4	1.91
Atherina mochon pontica	2.2∗10^4	1.54
Atherina hepsetus	2.2∗10^4	1.34
Chaetodon striatus	3.1∗10^4	0.679
Alosa caspia nordmanni	4.3∗10^4	1.81
Spicara smaris	4.9∗10^4	0.730
Engraulis encrasicholus ponticus	4.9∗10^4	4.83
Carassius auratis	5.7∗10^4	2.49
Sardina pilchardus	6.1∗10^4	6.24
Carassius carassius	6.3∗10^4	0.482
Scardinius erythrophthalmus	7.0∗10^4	0.831
Enhybrina schistosa	7.1∗10^4	0.615
Zeus faber pungio	7.5∗10^4	0.243
Labrus viridis	8.7∗10^4	0.356
Belone belone euxini	9.0∗10^4	2.95
Perca fluviatilis	9.7∗10^4	1.33
Alosa kessleri pontica	9.8∗10^4	1.74
Serranus scriba	1.0∗10^5	2.61
Sciaena umbra	1.0∗10^5	0.804
Rutilus rutilus	1.1∗10^5	2.29
Clupea harengus pallasi	1.1∗10^5	2.14
Leuciscus leuciscus	1.1∗10^5	6.83
Anguilla anguilla	1.4∗10^5	0.504
Odontogadus merlangus euxinus	1.7∗10^5	0.617
Abramis brama	2.3∗10^5	0.245
Salmo trutta labrax m. fario	2.3∗10^5	25.7
Cyprinus carpio carpio	2.4∗10^5	0.725
Sphyraena sphyraena	2.9∗10^5	17.2
Trichiurus lepturus	2.9∗10^5	2.69
Umbrina cirrosa	2.9∗10^5	2.19
Todarodes pacificus	3.1∗10^5	18.8
Mugil saliens	3.2∗10^5	5.71
Ilex coindeti	3.2∗10^5	96.6
Acipenserstellatus	3.2∗10^5	0.117
Mugil auratus	3.3∗10^5	4.70
Loligo vulgaris	3.6∗10^5	77.9
Todarodes sagittatus	3.6∗10^5	7.05
Symplectoteuthis oualaniensis	3.6∗10^5	9.20
Loligo forbesi	3.6∗10^5	31.3
Gadus morhua macrocephalus	3.8∗10^5	0.855
Hirundichthys rondeletii	4.5∗10^5	202.4
Stizostedion lucioperca	4.9∗10^5	3.85
Mola mola	6.0∗10^5	0.0112
Salmo trutta	6.1∗10^5	6.52
Scomber scombrus	6.4∗10^5	13.2
Trachurus mediterraneus ponticus	7.2∗10^5	11.4
Squalus acanthias	7.5∗10^5	1.18
Acipenser gueldenstaedtiicolchicus	8.8∗10^5	0.505
Chelonia mydas	9.0∗10^5	0.0877
Eretmochelys imbricata	9.5∗10^5	1.77
Mugil cephalus	9.6∗10^5	6.95
Caretta caretta	1.0∗10^6	0.160
Auxis thazard	1.1∗10^6	36.1
Pomatomus saltatrix	1.2∗10^6	5.14
Pygoscelis adeliae	1.3∗10^6	9.65
Eudyptes chrysolophus	1.3∗10^6	9.45
Huso huso	1.6∗10^6	0.633
Esox lucius	1.8∗10^6	18.8
Sarda sarda	2.3∗10^6	52.4
Salmo trutta labrax	2.5∗10^6	29.3
Salmo salar	2.6∗10^6	16.2
Phoca groenlandica	2.9∗10^6	1.43
Dermochelys coriacea	3.1∗10^6	1.44
Phocoena phocoena	3.3∗10^6	12.4
Sphyraena barracuda	3.4∗10^6	45.8
Arctocephalus pusillus	3.5∗10^6	3.21
Thunnus alalunga	3.9∗10^6	70.6
Sphyrna zygaena	3.9∗10^6	6.79
Stenopterygius quadriscissus	4.6∗10^6	5.20
Acanthocybium solandri	5.1∗10^6	90.7
Scomberomorus commerson	5.6∗10^6	150.8
Delphinus delphis ponticus	6.3∗10^6	16.9
Tetrapturus belone	6.4∗10^6	244.5
Coryphaena hippurus	6.7∗10^6	37.4
Thunnus albacares	7.3∗10^6	47.9
Thunnus obesus	7.9∗10^6	13.0
Prionace glauca	8.2∗10^6	2.15
Istiophorus platypterus	8.8∗10^6	246.5
Globicephala melas	1.2∗10^7	2.05
Tursiops truncatus	1.2∗10^7	6.80
Thunnus thynnus	1.9∗10^7	24.9
Xiphias gladius	2.4∗10^7	39.6
Physeter catodon	2.4∗10^7	0.0604
Balaena mysticetus	2.8∗10^7	0.0220
Orcinus orca	3.3∗10^7	1.41
Makaira indica	3.4∗10^7	41.7
Balaenoptera physalus	4.1∗10^7	0.0973
Balaenoptera borealis	5.6∗10^7	0.618
Balaenoptera musculus	5.7∗10^7	0.129