Optimizing Containment and Control of Candida parapsilosis Fungemia among Neonates in the Outbreak Setting Using a Mathematical Modeling Approach

Figure 1

Compartmental model for Candida blood stream infections. Proportion of neonates (𝑁=𝑆+𝐶+𝐼) in the NICU by compartment (“𝑆” = susceptibles; “𝐶” = colonized but not infected; “𝐼” = infected with disease). “𝑉” = reservoir fomite—a colonizing pressure function and not a true state variable. The parameters are: a = admission rate, m = nondisease causing mortality rate, μ = disease causing mortality rate, 𝛽₁ = exogenous transmission rate, 𝛽₂ = endogenous transmission rate, 𝜑 = colonization rate, 𝛾 = recovery rate, r = readmission rate, d = discharge rate, 𝜎 = fomite generation rate, and 𝜀 = fomite decay rate. Dashed lines represent contributions to the generation of the colonizing pressure, “𝑉,” and not transition through it.