True Lies: The Double Life of the Nucleotide Excision Repair Factors in Transcription and DNA Repair

Table 1

Repair/transcription factors and their functions.

Factors	Role in NER	Role in transcription
TFIIH	Opens DNA around the damage.; Favors 5^ incision by ERCC1-XPF.	Opens DNA around the promoter.; Phosphorylates the CTD of RNA-Pol II.; Phosphorylates NR and coactivators.
XPG	Incises DNA in 3^ from the lesion	Involved in NR-dependent transcription.; Stabilizes the interaction of CAK to the core TFIIH.
CSB	TC-NER-specific factor.; Recruits NER factors to stalled RNA-Pol II.	Chromatin-remodeling factor (SWI-SNF family).; Reinitiates transcription after DNA damage removal.
XPC	Recognition of lesions	Involved in NR-dependent transcription.; Removal of 5meC; Chromatin modification?
XPA	Verification of lesions	Involved in NR-dependent transcription.; Removal of 5meC; Chromatin modification?
XPF	Incises DNA in 𝟑^ from the lesion	Involved in NR-dependent transcription.; Removal of 5meC,; Chromatin modification?; Incision?

In bold, the new NER factors involved in transcription.