Obstacle Avoidance amongst Parkinson Disease Patients Is Challenged in a Threatening Context

Table 2

Summary of kinematics (mean [SEM]) for obstacle negotiation.

Measure	CTRL		PD OFF		PD ON		G	T
	Low	High	Low	High	Low	High
𝐷PRE (m)	0.57 [0.05]	0.44 [0.06]	0.36 [0.05]	0.32 [0.04]	0.35 [0.07]	0.27 [0.06]	A, B
𝐷VERT (m)	0.21 [0.05]	0.19 [0.01]	0.19 [0.05]	0.15 [0.02]	0.17 [0.03]	0.16 [0.01]
𝐷POST (m)	0.23 [0.05]	0.33 [0.08]	0.15 [0.02]	0.14 [0.02]	0.16 [0.02]	0.11 [0.02]
SL (m)	0.87 [0.06]	0.81 [0.04]	0.69 [0.02]	0.66 [0.04]	0.57 [0.03]	0.40 [0.03]	A, B, C	B, C
CVCOM (m/s)	0.68 [0.05]	0.54 [0.03]	0.49 [0.04]	0.39 [0.03]	0.52 [0.06]	0.40 [0.05]	A	A, B, C

Reported measures are: 𝐷_PRE: horizontal distance from rear edge of obstacle to trail toe off, 𝐷_VERT: vertical distance between top of obstacle and lead toe, 𝐷_POST: horizontal distance from front edge of obstacle to lead heel strike, SL: crossing step length from trail toe off to lead heel strike, and CV_COM: horizontal velocity of whole body centre of mass at crossing. Results of group comparisons are provided in column G and results of threat comparisons in column T. Statistical comparisons indicating a significant difference in results between the PD OFF and CTRL groups are marked with an A, comparisons between PD ON and CTRL with a B, and repeated measures comparisons within PD OFF and PD ON with a C.
A: CTRL/OFF, 𝑃<.017.
B: CTRL/ON, 𝑃<.017.
C: OFF/ON, 𝑃<.017.