Effect of Pressure on Synthesis of Pr-Doped Zirconia Powders Produced by Microwave-Driven Hydrothermal Reaction

Opalinska, A.; Leonelli, C.; Lojkowski, W.; Pielaszek, R.; Grzanka, E.; Chudoba, T.; Matysiak, H.; Wejrzanowski, T.; Kurzydlowski, K. J.

doi:https://doi.org/10.1155/JNM/2006/98769

Journal of Nanomaterials

On this page

Abstract References Copyright Related Articles

Special Issue

Nanoporous and Nanostructured Materials for Catalysis, Sensor, and Gas Separation Applications

View this Special Issue

Open Access

Volume 2006 | Article ID 098769 | https://doi.org/10.1155/JNM/2006/98769

Effect of Pressure on Synthesis of Pr-Doped Zirconia Powders Produced by Microwave-Driven Hydrothermal Reaction

A. Opalinska,^1,2C. Leonelli,³W. Lojkowski,¹R. Pielaszek,¹E. Grzanka,¹T. Chudoba,¹H. Matysiak,²T. Wejrzanowski,²and K. J. Kurzydlowski²

Received15 Mar 2006

Revised19 Dec 2006

Accepted20 Dec 2006

Published24 Jan 2007

Abstract

A high-pressure microwave reactor was used to study the hydrothermal synthesis of zirconia powders doped with 1 mol % Pr. The synthesis was performed in the pressure range from 2 to 8 MPa corresponding to a temperature range from 215C∘ to 305C∘. This technology permits a synthesis of nanopowders in short time not limited by thermal inertia of the vessel. Microwave heating permits to avoid contact of the reactants with heating elements, and is thus particularly well suited for synthesis of doped nanopowders in high purity conditions. A mixture of ZrO2 particles with tetragonal and monoclinic crystalline phases, about 15 nm in size, was obtained. The p/T threshold of about 5-6 MPa/265–280C∘ was necessary to obtain good quality of zirconia powder. A new method for quantitative description of grain-size distribution was applied, which is based on analysis of the fine structure of the X-ray diffraction line profiles. It permitted to follow separately the effect of synthesis conditions on the grain-size distribution of the monoclinic and tetragonal phases.

References

F. Bondioli, A. M. Ferrari, S. Braccini et al., “Microwave-hydrothermal synthesis of nanocrystalline Pr-doped zirconia powders at pressures up to 8 MPa,” Diffusion and Defect Data. Part B: Solid State Phenomena, vol. 94, pp. 193–196, 2003.
View at: Google Scholar
S. Somiya and T. Akiba, “Hydrothermal zirconia powders: a bibliography,” Journal of the European Ceramic Society, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 81–87, 1999.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
F. Bondioli, C. Leonelli, C. Siligardi, G. C. Pellacani, and S. Komarneni, “Microwave and conventional hydrothermal synthesis of zirconia doped powders,” in Report from the 8th International Symposium on Microwave and High Frequency Processing, Springer, New York, NY, USA, 2002.
View at: Google Scholar
S. Komarneni, R. Pidugu, Q. H. Li, and R. Roy, “Microwave-hydrothermal processing of metal powders,” Journal of Materials Research, vol. 10, no. 7, pp. 1687–1692, 1995.
View at: Google Scholar
J. R. Huang, Z. X. Xiong, C. Fang, and B. L. Feng, “Hydrothermal synthesis of ${Ba}_{2} {Ti}_{9} O_{20}$ nano-powder for microwave ceramics,” Materials Science and Engineering B, vol. 99, no. 1–3, pp. 226–229, 2003.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
D. M. P. Mingos and D. R. Baghurst, “Applications of microwave dielectirc heating effects to synthetic problems in chemistry,” Chemical Society Reviews, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 1–47, 1991.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
D. M. P. Mingos, “The applications of microwaves in chemical syntheses,” Research on Chemical Intermediates, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 85–91, 1994.
View at: Google Scholar
A. G. Whittaker and D. M. P. Mingos, “Application of microwave heating to chemical syntheses,” Journal of Microwave Power and Electromagnetic Energy, vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 195–219, 1994.
View at: Google Scholar
F. Bondioli, A. M. Ferrari, C. Leonelli, C. Siligardi, and G. C. Pellacani, “Microwave-hydrothermal synthesis of nanocrystalline zirconia powders,” Journal of the American Ceramic Society, vol. 84, no. 11, pp. 2728–2730, 2001.
View at: Google Scholar
S. Verma, P. A. Joy, Y. B. Khollam, H. S. Potdar, and S. B. Deshpande, “Synthesis of nanosized ${MgFe}_{2} O_{4}$ powders by microwave-hydrothermal method,” Materials Letters, vol. 58, no. 6, pp. 1092–1095, 2004.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
D. Stuerga and M. Delmotte, “Wave-materials interactions, microwave technology and equipment,” in Microwaves in Organic Chemistry, A. Loupy, Ed., Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, Germany, 2002.
View at: Google Scholar
K. D. Raner, C. R. Strauss, R. W. Trainor, and J. S. Thorn, “A new microwave reactor for batchwise organic synthesis,” Journal of Organic Chemistry, vol. 60, no. 8, pp. 2456–2460, 1995.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
M. E. S. Hegarty, A. M. O'Connor, and J. R. H. Ross, “Syngas production from natural gas using ${ZrO}_{2}$ -supported metals,” Catalysis Today, vol. 42, no. 3, pp. 225–232, 1998.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
S. P. S. Badwal and K. Foger, “Solid oxide electrolyte fuel cell review,” Ceramics International, vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 257–265, 1996.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
G. Xin and Y. Run-Zhang, “On the grain boundaries of ${ZrO}_{2}$ -based solid electrolyte,” Solid State Ionics, vol. 80, no. 1-2, pp. 159–166, 1995.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
M. H. Tavakkoli and H. Wilke, “Numerical study of induction heating and heat transfer in a real Czochralski system,” Journal of Crystal Growth, vol. 275, no. 1-2, pp. e85–e89, 2005.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
Y. Masahiro and S. Shiegeyuki, “Hydrothermal synthesis of crystallized nano-particles of rare earth-doped zirconia and hafnia,” Materials Chemistry and Physics, vol. 61, no. 1, pp. 1–8, 1999.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
J. Karch, R. Birringer, and H. Gleiter, “Ceramics ductile at low temperature,” Nature, vol. 330, no. 6148, pp. 556–558, 1987.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
A. Opalińska, D. Hreniak, W. Lojkowski, W. Strek, A. Presz, and E. Grzanka, “Structure, morphology and luminescence properties of Pr-doped nanocrystalline ${ZrO}_{2}$ obtained by hydrothermal method,” Diffusion and Defect Data. Part B: Solid State Phenomena, vol. 94, pp. 141–144, 2003.
View at: Google Scholar
D. Millers, L. Grigorjeva, A. Opalińska, and W. Lojkowski, “Luminescence of nanosized ${ZrO}_{2}$ and ${ZrO}_{2}$ : Pr powders,” Diffusion and Defect Data. Part B: Solid State Phenomena, vol. 94, pp. 135–140, 2003.
View at: Google Scholar
M. M. Bućko, K. Haberko, and M. Faryna, “Crystallization of zirconia under hydrothermal conditions,” Journal of the American Ceramic Society, vol. 78, no. 12, pp. 3397–3400, 1995.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
W. Pyda, K. Haberko, and M. M. Bućko, “Hydrothermal crystallization of zirconia and zirconia solid solutions,” Journal of the American Ceramic Society, vol. 74, no. 10, pp. 2622–2629, 1991.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
D. Simeone, G. Baldinozzi, D. Gosset, M. Dutheil, A. Bulou, and T. Hansen, “Monoclinic to tetragonal semireconstructive phase transition of zirconia,” Physical Review B, vol. 67, no. 6, Article ID 064111, 8 pages, 2003.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
V. Lanteri, T. E. Mitchell, and A. H. Heuer, “Morphology of tetragonal precipitates in partially stabilized ${ZrO}_{2}$ ,” Journal of the American Ceramic Society, vol. 69, no. 7, pp. 564–569, 1986.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
R. C. Garvie, “The occurrence of metastable tetragonal zirconia as a crystallite size effect,” Journal of Physical Chemistry, vol. 69, no. 4, pp. 1238–1243, 1965.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
R. C. Garvie and M. F. Goss, “Intrinsic size dependence of the phase transformation temperature in zirconia microcrystals,” Journal of Materials Science, vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 1253–1257, 1986.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
M. Mitsuhashi, M. Ichihara, and T. Tatsuke, “Characterization and stabilization of metastable tetragonal ${ZrO}_{2}$ ,” Journal of the American Ceramic Society, vol. 57, no. 2, pp. 97–101, 1974.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
R. Nitsche, M. Winterer, and H. Hahn, “Structure of nanocrystalline zirconia and yttria,” Nanostructured Materials, vol. 6, no. 5–8, pp. 679–682, 1995.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
G. Baldinozzi, D. Simeone, D. Gosset, and M. Dutheil, “Neutron diffraction study of the size-induced tetragonal to monoclinic phase transition in zirconia nanocrystals,” Physical Review Letters, vol. 90, no. 21, 2003.
View at: Google Scholar
E. Tani, M. Yoshimura, and S. Somiya, “Formation of ultrafine tetragonal ${ZrO}_{2}$ powder under hydrothermal conditions,” Journal of the American Ceramic Society, vol. 66, no. 1, pp. 11–14, 1983.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
M. Yashima, M. Kakihana, and M. Yoshimura, “Metastable-stable phase diagrams in the zirconia-containing systems utilized in solid-oxide fuel cell application,” Solid State Ionics, vol. 86–88, part 2, pp. 1131–1149, 1996.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
M. Yoshimura, T. Hiuga, and S. Somiya, “Dissolution and reaction of yttria-stabilized zirconia single crystals in hydrothermal solutions,” Journal of the American Ceramic Society, vol. 69, no. 7, pp. 583–584, 1986.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
R. Piticescu, C. Monty, and D. Millers, “Hydrothermal synthesis of nanostructured zirconia materials: present state and future prospects,” Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, vol. 109, no. 1, pp. 102–106, 2005.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
Y. Li, Y. Liu, L. Huang, and X. G. Li, “Phase transition of nanostructure zirconias doped with rare earth elements,” Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, vol. 5, no. 9, pp. 1546–1551, 2005.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
F. Boulc'h and E. Djurado, “Structural changes of rare-earth-doped, nanostructured zirconia solid solution,” Solid State Ionics, vol. 157, no. 1–4, pp. 335–340, 2003.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
COST D30 Mid Term Evaluation Meeting, http://www.unipress.waw.pl/COST/.
T. Strachowski, E. Grzanka, B. Palosz, A. Presz, L. Slusarski, and W. Lojkowski, “Microwave driven hydrothermal synthesis of zinc oxide nanopowders,” Diffusion and Defect Data. Part B: Solid State Phenomena, vol. 94, pp. 189–192, 2003.
View at: Google Scholar
R. Fedyk, T. Chudoba, A. Presz, W. Lojkowski, and K. J. Kurzydlowski, “Study of grain size distribution in nanocrystalline iron oxides synthesized by hydrothermal method,” Diffusion and Defect Data. Part B: Solid State Phenomena, vol. 94, pp. 239–242, 2003.
View at: Google Scholar
R. Pielaszek, “Analytical expression for diffraction line profile for polydispersive powders,” in Proceedings of the 19th Conference on Applied Crystallography, Kraków, Poland, September 2003.
View at: Google Scholar
R. Pielaszek, Dyfrakcyjne badania mikrostruktury polikrysztalow nanometrowych poddawanych dzialaniu wysokiego cisnienia, M.S. thesis, Department of Physics, Warsaw University, Warsaw, Poland, 2003.
W. H. Zachariasen, Theory of X-Ray Diffraction in Crystals, John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY, USA, 1945.
T. Wejrzanowski and K. J. Kurzydlowski, “Stereology of grains in nano-crystals,” Diffusion and Defect Data. Part B: Solid State Phenomena, vol. 94, pp. 221–228, 2003.
View at: Google Scholar
R. C. Mackenzie, Differential Thermal Analysis, Vol. 1, Academic Press, London, UK, 1970.
W. Lojkowski, A. Daniszewska, M. Chmielecka et al., Nanometrology Report, http://www.nanoforum.org/.

Copyright

Copyright © 2006 A. Opalinska et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

PDF Download Citation Order printed copies

Views

543

Downloads

1215

Citations