Foaming Behaviour, Structure, and Properties of Polypropylene Nanocomposites Foams

Table 1

Cellular characterization results of the unfilled (PP), montmorillonite (PP-MMT), and carbon nanofibre (PP-CNF) polypropylene foams.

Code	Foam density (kg·m^-3)	𝑉gas	𝑉PP	𝑉p	𝜙VD (𝜇m)	𝜙WD (𝜇m)	AR	Cell density (cells·cm^-3)
PP	346 ± 9	0.62	0.38	—	194 ± 7	175 ± 1	1.1	4.71 × 10^4
	311 ± 9	0.66	0.34	—	177 ± 2	196 ± 1	0.9	4.63 × 10^4
	268 ± 6	0.71	0.29	—	241 ± 9	266 ± 12	0.9	3.52 × 10^4
	261 ± 13	0.72	0.29	—	243 ± 14	239 ± 2	1.0	3.42 × 10^4
	236 ± 7	0.75	0.25	—	456 ± 5	479 ± 10	1.0	1.30 × 10^4
	189 ± 8	0.80	0.20	—	564 ± 6	523 ± 11	1.1	9.13 × 10^3
PP-MMT	256 ± 8	0.72	0.28	0.003	146 ± 3	160 ± 7	0.9	9.01 × 10^4
	245 ± 5	0.73	0.27	0.003	169 ± 13	156 ± 12	1.1	8.78 × 10^4
	240 ± 10	0.74	0.26	0.003	190 ± 12	164 ± 15	1.2	6.56 × 10^4
	238 ± 12	0.74	0.25	0.003	296 ± 7	211 ± 4	1.4	3.57 × 10^4
	220 ± 7	0.76	0.24	0.003	218 ± 6	204 ± 8	1.1	4.19 × 10^4
	208 ± 4	0.78	0.22	0.003	289 ± 12	206 ± 6	1.4	3.98 × 10^4
	176 ± 3	0.81	0.19	0.002	410 ± 12	293 ± 12	1.4	1.97 × 10^4
PP-CNF	265 ± 10	0.70	0.29	0.01	569 ± 25	508 ± 19	1.1	8.13 × 10^3
	270 ± 10	0.69	0.29	0.02	462 ± 28	394 ± 22	1.2	1.35 × 10^4
	290 ± 8	0.68	0.29	0.03	239 ± 10	258 ± 12	0.9	3.05 × 10^4